Vacutainers – a Simple Innovation That Has Altered Medicine Forever

A vacutainer is a form of test tube that was first developed in 1947 by Joseph Kleiner. At first known as the Evacutainer, it made use of a special vacuum system, a needle and a test tube to take samples of blood from people.

Kleiner introduced his state of the art development to Becton, Dickson and co., and it was subsequently patented in 1949. It was eventually re-branded the Vacutainer, as it is still called today.

At the time of its first production, the Vacutainer system had a few distinct advantages. It was far more convenient for users, it cut down on staffing costs noticeably and there were a lot fewer breakages because the tubes were made from a tougher kind of glass.

The original patenting of the Vacutainer in 1949 coincided with the unveiling of Becton, Dickson’s second production plant in the USA. In 1950, the company’s revenues reached 15 million.

Vacutainers are usually used in the process of drawing blood from a person for examinations. When a Vacutainer is used to draw blood from a patient, the blood vessel is punctured by a hypodermic needle. This needle is contained in a plastic tube, which also has a needle on the opposite end that is held in a plastic holder.

All Vacutainer containers have a rubber cap. When the time comes to take blood from the patient the container is pressed onto the needle in the holder so it punctures the cap. The difference in pressure then draws blood from the patient into the test tube until it is full. The container of blood can then be taken away for examination. If needed, a new test tube can be put onto the needle for an additional blood sample.

Often the vessels that are used in the Vacutainer system already hold certain substances. These substances generally are essential in the testing of blood, or have some other purpose. For instance, a test tube may contain a substance that will help preserve some elements in the blood, or a substance which helps in separating the blood cells from the serum.

In general, a Vacutainer container will hold coagulants, anti-coagulants, or contain no additive at all. There are numerous different types of additives used in the process, depending on the cause for the blood test. If a test tube with the wrong additive is used, it may render the blood test useless.

Therefore, the test tubes’ caps are coded with different colors, depending on which kind of additive they contain. The color-code system is standardized across all Vacutainer makers to stop confusion.

As well as being color-coded, the Vacutainer test tubes’ caps can either be opaque or translucent. This illustrates whether the usual suction level is being used (opaque) or, in the case of clear caps, a weaker suction is suitable. Weaker suction levels are usually more suitable for smaller veins.

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